Heinrich freese



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EPREBSB.

WOOD PAVEMENT. N0. 595.616. Patented Dec. 14, 1897-.

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' of a street so paved as to present the hard i UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE.

HEINRICH FREESE, OF BERLIN, GERMANY.

WOOD PAVIEM ENT.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 595,616, dated December14, 1897.

Application filed March 25, 1897.

To a/Z whom t may concern,.-

Be it known that I, HEINRICH FREESE, 'a subject of the Emperor ofGermany, residing at 18 Rung'estrasse, in the city of Berlin, Germany,have invented certain new and useful Improvements in Wood Pavements; andI do hereby declare the following to be a f ull,clear, and exactdescription of the invention,such as will enable others skilled in theart to which it appertains to make and use the same.

In constructing wood pavements heretofore the great .difference in thecharacter of the Wood blocks has not been taken intoA consideration. Itis decidedly ofthe'utmost importance for the durability of the pavementwhether the wood employed comes from the top or butt end of the tree orwhether it is from the hard or from the outer softer parts of the trunk.The same log will have a much greater resisting power when itsAindividual properties are considered systematically or are made use ofas in the wood pavement described hereinafter. In wood pavements it isimportant to allow rain to penetrate as little as possible, andtherefore each log should be so placed that always the top end of thewood is placed upwardly and the butt-end downwardly. y

Figure I of the accompanying drawings shows a piece of Vplank from whichthe paving-blocks are cut. A

o. is the top end; b, the butt-end.

Fig. 2 shows a block as it should be placed in the street, and Fig. 3shows a block as it should not be placed. Fig. 4 is a plan view side ofthe blocks in the direction of traffic, and Fig. 5 is a plan view of astreet having the blocks set in diagonal direction.

The sap or vital juice in a tree is naturally passing from below towardthe top. In impregnating wood the liquids employed follow in the samedirection as the sap in the living wood-t'. c. they also penetrate fromthe base to the top. It is extremely dificult for liquids to penetratein the opposite direction, from above downwardly. Now for Wood paving,in view of the importance that rain-water should penetrate into theblocks as little as possible, it is preferable to place all the blocksin the same manner as a tree growing in a c d is the middle line of thestreet.

forest-that is to say, the top end facing up- Serial No. 629,222. (Nomodel.)

wardly. The rain-water will then penetrate less into the wood than ifthe blocks were placed up or down, just as they happened to pass thehands of the paver. Of the same importance, as in the tree, the top orbutt end is the hard side and the softer side of the sapwood. In pavingthis must be taken into consideration. The blocks must be carefullysorted, for the hard side of each block has much more resisting forcethan the sap side, and thus in placing the blocks each should be sopositioned as to present the hard side in the direction Where thestrongest effort from horses hoofs and from Wagons may be expected.

Fig. 4 is a plan view of the street with the pavement executed in thismanner. The line On both sides of the lines c d the arrows indicate theline of traffic. In order to bring the hoofs of horses as much aspossible in contact only with the hard side, the blocks are alsoarranged that the heart is placed in the direction of the traine. Thedurability of the pavement is thereby greatly increased and the pavementlasts much longer than a pavement wherein the soft sides are exposed tohorses hoofs or .in a pavement wherein heart and sap are employedindiscriminately with little or no system.

Fig. 5 is a plan view of a street having the blocks set in diagonaldirection. When a street is very steep, the blocks are preferably placedon both sides of the middle line c d', turning the heart side in thesame direction and uphill. This is evident as being best for Wagons andcarts going upwardly and for loaded vehicles coming down the street. Thehoofs of the horses can attack the blocks at the edge also pointinguphill, in taking up the load of the wagons being only partially braked.

Wood pavements in which the character of the wood has been considered inthe described manner wear out much more evenly and slowly than pavementswherein the blocks have been set without any system.

Having thus described my invention, I claimm A wood pavement composed ofblocks placed on end having the fiber running in a vertical directionand having the butt-end of IOC) the tree on the baseof the street andthe top my name in the presence of two subscribing end of the treedirected upwardly and hzL-V- Witnesses'.4 ing the heart side of'the Woodpointed in the direction from Which the hoofs of horses are 5` liable toattack the pavement, substantially X'Vitnesses:

as described. HENRY HARPER,

In Witness whereof I have hereuntovsigued ll W. HAUPR HEINRICH FREESE.

